Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine

Introduction

American Board of Medical Specialties officially recognized medical toxicology as a medical subspecialty. Its practitioners are physicians with primary specialization in occupational medicine emergency medicine. It is closely related to clinical toxicology with the latter discipline encompassing non-physicians as well. Forensic medicine is the medical specialty which interfaces with the law. Clinical forensic medicine has evolved into an increasingly specialized area within the wider field of forensic medical practice. The present Journal of Medical Toxicology & Clinical Forensic Medicine is an open access journal which provides the author a platform to publish their research articles in this discipline. The present Issue Volume 2, Issue 2 published 2-review articles, 1-research article, and 1 case report.

Tramadol is a powerful synthetic opioid analgesic agent used for treatment of moderate to severe pain. This analgesic activity and clinical effects of tramadol are a result of opioid and nonopioid. Abass, in this research article tried to study the genetic polymorphism of Cyp2d6 tramadol related nephrotoxicity [1]. They reported that the most common variant among Egyptian population is CYP2D6*1 of wild type and CYP2D6*M mutant allele which is predominant in tramadol addicts with renal dysfunction. They presented that tramadol-induced renal toxicity is highly induced by tramadol with mineral oil of M1. Finally, they concluded that further multicenter studies on larger sample of tramadol addicts are needed to clarify tramadol toxico-kinetics for specific phenotype and for the search of interactive genomic markers.

Cobalt is a heavy metal with atomic number 27 and atomic weight of 58.933. They are used for centuries to impart a rich blue color to glass and ceramics. Sheikh in his review discussed about cobalt poisoning [2]. This was manifested by a wide array of systemic effects; this poisoning is also resulted because of super alloys in orthopedic implants, ionizing radiation, occupational exposer, etc. Though the cobalt toxicity is rare still is should be noted as a complication of total knee and hip replacement in surgical procedures, especially when cobalt alloy is used as a replacement graft. Thus, cobalt metal laboratory panel should consider patients with cobalt alloy to determine the level of exposure and risk of cobalt exposure.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare childbirth emergency in which amniotic fluid, fetal hair, cells, or other debris enter the mother blood stream via placenta bed of the uterus and activates an allergic reaction. Piva et al. in their review article focused on epidemiology, diagnosis, pathology and management of AFE [3]. Recently, novel treatment strategies in the field of invasive hemodynamic support and C1 esterase inhibitors proposed a potential therapeutic option. However, paucity in diagnostic tests and complex treatment of AFE still remains a major clinical challenge.

Ezzouine et al. remarked a case report of 25 year old patient who tried to commit suicide by self-subcutaneous injection of methyl parathion "METYPHON^® 50." The pharmacodynamics properties of methyl parathion depend on the mode of exposure to the product [4]. The reactivation of methyl parathion is slow, if poisoning is by dermal or even subcutaneous way and this is modulated by the location and site distribution of methyl parathion and its metabolites. The acute intoxication to organophosphates by the subcutaneous route is exceptional. Thus, the pharmacodynamics and kinetics of the product are involved in the clinical expression.

References

1. Abass M (2016) Role of genetic polymorphism of Cyp2d6 in tramadol related nephrotoxicity. Med Toxicol Clin Forens Med 2: 2.
2. Sheikh I (2016) Cobalt poisoning: A comprehensive review of the literature. Med Toxicol Clin Forens Med 2: 2.
3. Piva I, Scutiero G, Greco P (2016) Amniotic fluid embolism: An update of the evidence. Med Toxicol Clin Forens Med 2: 2.
4. Ezzouine H, Kerrous M, El Haoui S (2016) Subcutaneous injection of organophosphate parathion: An unusual way of intentional acute poisoning. J Med Toxicol Clin Forens Med 2: 2.